Time is Running Out by Oodgeroo Noonuccal Short Summary free essay sample

Time is Running Out is written by Oodgeroo Noonuccal, an author and politician who is most commonly lauded as the first Aboriginal poet to publish a collection of verse. She is also an active campaigner for Aboriginal civil rights. The theme of many of her works is the hope for understanding and peace between black and white Australians. In â€Å"Time is Running Out†, Oodgeroo expresses her criticism towards the irresponsible miners who exploited and violently destructed her land â€Å"[f]or the sake of greedy trade† and â€Å"[f]or the sake of the filthy dollar† (5, 13). Moreover, she also encourages the native Australians to fight back and stand up to protect their land. The poem consists of three stanzas and there are no set meter or rhyme scenes in this poem although there are lines that rhyme. Oodgeroo represents this poem using visual imagery. Throughout the poem, Oodgeroo uses many vivid metaphors and hyperbole which make us clearly feel the anger and bitterness in her tone. We will write a custom essay sample on Time is Running Out by Oodgeroo Noonuccal: Short Summary or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The first stanza illustrates how the miners extract oil and minerals from the earth using various mining equipments: The miner rapes The heart of earth With his violent spade Stealing, bottling her black blood For the sake of greedy trade. The first three lines contain of enjambments which somehow reflect the still ongoing memories of the poet. â€Å"The miner rapes / The heart of earth† (1, 2) is a metaphor for the excessive mining activity that is happening in Oodgeroo’s land. â€Å"The heart of earth† is a personification for natural resources. The fourth line in stanza 1, â€Å"Stealing, bottling her black blood† (4) using the personification word â€Å"her† to addresses the earth. â€Å"Black blood† here can only refer to oil, as oil is black coloured liquid that extracted from the earth, and the word â€Å"blood† itself literally relate to the internal liquid in human body. Thus, â€Å"Stealing, bottling her black blood† is a metaphor for the petroleum oil drilling activity.Notice the alliteration used in that line in which the harsh ‘b’ sounds in â€Å"bottling her black blood† (4) emphasize this point and reinforce the agony of the stanza’s tone. In this stanza, Oodgeroo also mentions that the miner â€Å"[p]iling the mountainous minerals high / On his metal throne of destruction† (8, 6). The word â€Å"mountainous† is a hyperbole and refers to the act of excessive mining activity.

Effective Leadership Approaches in Organizations

Question: Discuss about theEffective Leadership Approaches in Organizations. Answer: Introduction: To understand leadership, a clear understanding of traits, motives, behaviors, and characteristics of leaders are necessary. Effective leadership involves the ability of managers to utilize their innate abilities to leverage the natural strengths and talents of a team so as to accomplish the set objective (Cameron, 2011). The most productive way to lead a team requires the leader to identify the available strengths and innovate strategies of addressing the personnel weaknesses while carrying out their duties. Good leaders must have cognitive skills, mutual relationship with subordinates, and personality traits and characteristics which portray charisma and confidence in their roles (Zaccaro, 2007). This essay critically analyses the relationship between characters, motives, and behaviors of leaders in ensuring the success of organizations. Analysis of the Relationship Between Traits and Motives Towards Effective Leadership The trait, motives, and effectiveness of leadership approaches makes a valuable contribution to understanding leadership effectiveness, but none in itself has been able to perfect leadership within an organization (Bono, Shen, Snyder, 2010). Integration of the three perspectives leads to increased productivity. Various personality and behavioral traits in the interest of adopting real leadership necessitates integration with the reasons behind every great leader. Tenacity, drive and achievement, strong work ethic, and power motives facilitate effectiveness in task accomplishment for a leader Organizational effectiveness substantially overlaps with leadership effectiveness. Integration of the trait and leadership motives guides managers in adjusting to different situational perspectives of leadership effectiveness within their firms. Excellent personal habits lead to behaviors which lead to leadership effectiveness. The situation facing a firm have a direct impact on the behavior of a leader towards implementing managerial changes that are in conformity with the set goals (Hoffman, Woehr, Robyn, Lyons, 2011). For example, at least business leaders in numerous companies are required to be self-confident, emotionally stable, and warmth since this gives the executive faith that the manager will man the group participants in the most optimal manner and thereby reap maximum profits for the firm. Examining how traits get expressed in the actual behaviors of leaders helps in understanding how a leader's character can affect subordinate motivation and group performance. Characters remain useful in effective leadership since they can get measured and help in behavior prediction. Advances in quality research reveal the significance of general intelligence to specific skills and characters that directly relate to the motives required for effective leadership in a particular situation (Zaccaro, 2007). The behavioral leadership theory manifests that traits are crucial in driving a managers reason for success within an enterprise. For example, carrying out performance reviews program helps both the managers and subordinates in rating their performance and thus, coming up with the right strategies to improving their effectiveness. The relationship between traits, motives, and effectiveness of leaders have a reward positive behavior that increases subordinate satisfaction and performance. Leaders who promptly understand the personal qualities possessed by different group members quickly assign work, give instructions and set priorities and standards in respect to one's ability to carry out the tasks (Epitropaki Martin, 2005). With efficient linkage of the subordinates traits and the leadership motives, an organization can achieve the set objectives in the most appropriate manner since every participant is mandated to carry out the task which he or she is most qualified. For example, integrity leaders in technology firms normally trust the IT staffs attitude, behaviors, and approaches as they attempt to innovate new ideas to be used in the organization towards effective leadership. Leadership motive patterns significantly correlate with leadership effectiveness within an organization. Understanding leadership motivation is supported by leadership motives of the need for power, achievement, and affiliation (Yan, 2011). Motivation as a trait leads to leadership effectiveness. The desire to exercise power within an organization enables a leader to inform the subordinates what is right and necessary in enforcing the most appropriate sanctions that may influence them. The need to achieve motive motivates a leader to thrive in an arduous task and attain a standard of excellence in the most excellent manner that affects the team members in performing optimally. The trait theory underlying intent is understanding coworkers relationships, and identifying a character that explains a person's overall attitude towards getting along with others in the workplace. The emotional stability of leaders enables them to get along with the subordinates effectively since they can adjust their emotions at different circumstances and control work pressure (Bono, Shen, Snyder, 2010). All leadership motives need to get interrelated due to the varying directions that different organizations follow. For example, mostly the affiliation motive is driven by a desire to be well-liked among one's equals, while power motivation aims at promoting one career. With the promotion of ones ability to manage a diverse group, effective leadership follows. Assertive leaders empower the group members by sharing responsibility, ownership, and visibility. The warmth trait of a leader as matched up with McClelland's conceptualization of need for power necessitates the selfless act of a leader in attempting to build the professional qualification of an employee (Zaccaro, 2007). The relationship between a worker and a superior dictates an organization's effectiveness in accomplishing the set goals. For example, many companies advocate for the sharing of duties and responsibilities between different personnel so that each player may become diverse and able to carry out various tasks in varying departments. Effective leaders should have stable behavioral patterns that are consistent to the internal business cultures. Good leaders should be self-confident, emotionally stable, enthusiastic, assertive, trustful, humble, and warmth when it comes to carrying out their assignments (Epitropaki Martin, 2005). A single leader cannot hold all these personal traits. These features are related to the manager's view of their task and their drive to accomplish them. For example, without emotional intelligence, it would be difficult for a leader to manage anybody within the enterprise. Excellent leadership approaches get dictated by the value of objectives designed by a company when evaluating employees performance. Different leaders normally possess varrying characteristics, this necessitates the inclusion of a variety of approaches to measure their leadership effectiveness. Effective management is determined by the traits and motives of a leader since they complement each other integratively (Goleman Boyatzis, 2013). For example, a manufacturing manager who is self confident needs to be driven by desire to achieve the overall goals set in a given company. Managerial traits can be integrated over the different levels of competence and interpersonal attributes. With a clear utilization of these traits, efffective leadership follows since the surbodinates are able to learn new skills from the manager as per how he or she is carrying out the leadership responsibilities. With respect to leadership traits, organizations collectively focus on transformational leadership which intensively requires integration of motives with the existing personnel traits to facilitate effective leadership. A leaders behavior should get positioned in reference to their characters while carrying out their role (Shafritz, Ott, Jang, 2015). For example, different firms require managers to be highly tolerant to frustration and be guided by professional ethics while executing their roles. The interellationship between professional ethical codes and a leaders ability to withstand pressure from the surbodinates results to effective leadership. Further, most companies require leaders to act differently in a manner that distinguishes them from the surbodinates. The magnitude of distintion between a leader and an employee is dictated by the interrelationship strategies employed by the company in terms of the required leadership traits and the overall motives of the firm. A clear comprehension of the relative applicability of the relationship between attributes, motives, and effectiveness of leaders brings independence of management for a firm (Yan, 2011). For instance, there are biological and sociocultural reasons behind why men and women score differently on personality and intelligence. Therefore, task competence in terms of oppennes, emotional stability, and intelligence reflects a general factor of cognitive abilities related to individuals and leadership. Interpersonal traits relates to how leaders approach to social interactions may lead to success in an organization. A good leader should have a warm heart that is achievement oriented and this is normally associated with an effective structure of plans that translates to positive leadership (Cameron, 2011). The ability of a manager to adjust under different situations results to effective leadeship. For example, public institutions expect leaders to have interpersonal attributes namely extraversion and agreeableness for this invokes a firm link in terms of emotional suitability as well as building attractive relationships between a leader and the followers. With high quality leader versus surbodinates realtionship, this results to improved scores and therefore easy leadership of the team. Conclusion Understanding leadership traits and motives remain significant for every manager in establishing effectiveness within the overall organization's performance. Business leaders must accept that numerous personal traits assist them in leading subordinates. Personal traits and motives impact differently on the followers being led by the executive. Also, managers should acknowledge that leadership motive theory assists them in distinguishing between their motives and understanding the situation that would best suit them. Integration of personal traits and motives leads to effective leadership in an organization and therefore, all companies in the public dormain should implement policies which necessitate this approach. References Bono, J., Shen, W., Snyder. (2010). Fostering integrative community leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 324-335. Cameron, K. (2011). Responsible leadership as virtuous leadership. Journal of Business Ethics, 25-35. Epitropaki, O., Martin, R. (2005). From ideal to real: a longitudinal study of the role of implicit leadership theories on leader-member exchanges and employee outcomes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 659. Goleman, D., Boyatzis, R. M. (2013). Primal Leadership: Unleashing the power of emotional intelligence. Harvard: Harvard Business Press. Hoffman, B., Woehr, D., Robyn, M.-Y., Lyons, B. (2011). Great man or great myth? A quantitative review of the relationship between individual differences and leader effectiveness. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 347-381. Paarberg, L., Lavigna, B. (2010). Transformational leadership and public service motivation: Driving individual and organizational performance. Public Administration Review, 710-718. Shafritz, J., Ott, S., Jang, Y. (2015). Classics of Organization Theory. Califonia: Cengage Learning. Yan, X. (2011). International leadership and norm evaluation. The Chinese Journal of International Politics, 233-264. Zaccaro, S. J. (2007). Trait-based perspectives of leadership. American Psychologist, 6.

Treating People Nicely

Introduction Nice treatment is a back to back practice between individual or among groups of people. Human beings are termed as social beings naturally. Interactions occur in various ways. That can be formally or informally. Of course the formal way would entail treatment in job places, meetings and so forth. Informal interactions could include the interaction that exists among people who are related or could be by default in the societal requirements.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Treating People Nicely specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Characteristics of Nice Treatment Treating people nicely is more of a behavioral aspect. That is to say that, when one does not exhibit good behavior, it is evident that the expectations too will be wanting. The attitude exhibited during interaction can also describe ones character. This shows whether you are a nice person or a bad person in terms of socializing. It is always go od to treat people nicely. his mostly applies in every aspect of life. That is at home, in work place, in church and in various places that involves the aspect of interaction by people. It is very important to treat people well because that is what you also expect from them. Their attitude to you is reciprocated from what you do to them. Treating people well entails, being loyal, patient, thoughtful, kind and respectful about others. This is the same as being considerate on others. Human beings are unique. Every person has got a different character. Although there are standards by which people interact, one should realize that every person has strength and a weakness even if one is not right try out and be positive as to cheer him or her up and at the same time you explain the correction. Always wear a smile on your face during conversations. When someone smiles at you, it is important to smile back. One should always be courteous when addressing people. This is by saying, please, t hank you and welcome. One should avoid high ego. Always remember that you are not better than anyone. This helps in practicing humility hence other people will take it positively. One key thing is to listen to your colleagues or other people carefully. Good listening is one of the key ways in implementing effective communication. Benefits of Treating People Nicely One benefit of treating people nicely is exhibited in the â€Å"ethic of reciprocity†. This shows that when one treats others nicely, he or she will also be treated nicely. People remain the most appreciable resource in business matters. Employees too need to be treated well. These two measures would result in the business doing well, while on the employees’ part, production and profitability would increase tremendously. Treating people well also contributes to a mutual relationship between individuals. This relationship is aided by the fact that one appreciates what the other party has done and reciprocates the same to that partner. It does not mean that the service has to be the same. One can appreciate one party through a different mode. The only effect that should be felt by the other person is a sense of dignity.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More I believe in â€Å"Karma† Concept This is a belief that originated from the Asian countries specifically India. This was way back in the past. It is a concept that has been thought to be similar to fate which is not the case. It is imagined that human beings act out of free will hence fate cannot be related to Karma’s concept. Karma is described as an act or a deed. This principle is accepted worldwide and it exhibits cause and effect. It can also be described as reactions and actions that direct life. Some people would say â€Å"what goes around comes around†. This is true in determining how individuals treat one an other in work place or in the society at large. Conclusion When you are treated well definitely you will do the same. This also applies to awful treatments. Those who treat people badly are also treated badly. This is majorly defines by character. At time, people’s character influences their actions. Their actions would bring them required reaction or effects. Therefore, it is true to say that, what goes around comes around This essay on Treating People Nicely was written and submitted by user Jon B. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

pbx hybrid networks essays

pbx hybrid networks essays PBX and Key systems are the wave of communication for business everywhere. The key difference between PBX and Key/Hybrid systems are the amount of stations each can handle. Key systems are designed for clients with very small line size requirements and very basic needs. It usually handles between 16 to 48 stations. PBX systems on the other hand handle a lot more stations as well as more features and sophistication. PBX are designed for larger corporations and cost much more than a simple key system communication need. Another key advantage of PBX system is it allows for room for corporation growth over the years than that of a Key System or Hybrid system. An example of a PBX system and some of its features is the Fujitsu BCS Series 3:1 4 to 240 (dependent on # of lines configured) Fujitsu proprietary 8-bit or 16-bit CPU H5H5 Fujitsu TranSend/TranSend Lite unified messaging platform; Fujitsu's IVS voice messaging platform; or various third-party voice mail solutions. H6H6 Fujitsu Series 3 ACD; ACD Report Manager H7H7 Integrates with Fujitsu's Call Manager H8H8 The features of the Fujitsu BCS Series 3 is what most would look at a well functioning PBX. The price rang of the phones o ...

Theory of Economic Deflation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Theory of Economic Deflation - Essay Example This process is deflation. The two pair of key elements that are involved in deflation theory is 1) goods and money and 2) demand and supply. The sum of amount of goods and money; and the demand and supply of both goods and money influence the economy of a nation or it can be called as economic decider. The demand and supply of goods results in deflation: if there is decrease in demand of goods or increase of supply of goods. The decrease in demand of goods is due to decreases in money supply or unavailability of money. If the supply of goods increases the price or the demand of the product get reduced. If this happens for all products at a point of time then it is called as secular deflation. The reduction in the transaction due to less money availability is also comes under deflation. "Overall the causes for deflation are: 1.Decreasing Money Supply, 2. Increasing Supply of Goods, 3. Decreasing Demand for Goods and 4. Increasing Demand for Money" (What is Deflation, n.d) Deflation has positive as well as negative effects. Stephen Davis (2003) points that people have got idea of deflation as reduce in rate of goods and its actual reduction in price. The deflation plays very good role for people who have large or considerable revenue in his/her hand. In terms of share market during deflation the market shares goes down and hence it's simply the golden period for investor.

Design Human interfaces for Operating Systems Research Paper

Design Human interfaces for Operating Systems - Research Paper Example Since then super computers have been transformed several times, first to desktop computers, then laptops and now cutting edge tabs and pads, thus becoming widely used and an inevitable part of the human life. However, the science behind computers is quite enthralling and it makes a person wonder how exactly a machine is able to perform such complex tasks within mere seconds. First of all it is quite clear that computers do not understand human language, or High Level Language (HLL), and at the same time, humans do not understand machine language, which is basically in binary codes. Thus, it becomes clear that between the computer and the person or user, there needs to be a translator that can translate the languages in order for both parties to understand the other. In case of computer, this is done by the program translators, which consists of assembler, compiler and interpreter. Thus, it becomes clear that by converting high level language and program language into machine language, the computers can understand what the user tries to communicate, and similarly, by converting machine language into program language or high level language, the user can make sense of what the computer is c ommunicating. However, there still needs to be a platform where these communications can take place. This is where the operating systems of computers come into play, as it is them that provide a basic platform for the user to interact with the computer system through interface or human interface. Therefore, it becomes clear that the design of operating systems and human interfaces need to be done in a way that it enable maximum utilization to the user. An operating system is a software program, which facilitates the management of â€Å"hardware and software resources of a computer† and performs tasks including â€Å"controlling and allocating memory,

Nestlé and Nestlé Malaysia

Nestlà © and Nestlà © Malaysia EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The existing company that has selected is Nestlà © (Malaysia) Berhad. This report starts with an introduction and a brief history about Nestlà © and Nestlà © Malaysia. This report includes the vision and mission of Nestlà © and how Nestlà © is going to achieve them. This report also includes a brief summary of Nestlà ©s market segmentation with examples provided. It discusses the strengths and problems of the company followed by the solutions to solve the issues. In the end, there are some suggestions recommended by our group and a conclusion of this whole report. TABLE OF CONTENTS Assessment Criteria..2 Plagiarism Report..3 Executive Summary. 4 Table of Contents..5 Content Introduction..6 Market Segmentation7 Strengths8-9 Problems and Solutions.9-11 Recommendations..11-12 Conclusion.12 References.13 Appendix14 CONTENT INTRODUCTION Nestlà © is a multinational company and is of the worlds largest in food and beverages industry. Heinrich Nestlà ©, whom also known as Henri Nestlà ©, was the founder of Nestlà © Company (Nestle. 2010, Introduction, Nestlà © [Online] available at www.nestle.com), which headquarter is in Vevey, Switzerland in the year of 1866. Nestlà © Malaysia was established in the year of 1912 in Malaysia as Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company. Nestlà © Malaysia head office is now located in Mutiara Damansara, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, and has 6 sales offices with more than 5000 employees nationwide. Besides, Nestlà © manufactures its own products in 7 factories and markets over 300 Halal products across the nation. (Nestlà ©. 2010, Nestlà © in Malaysia, Nestlà © [Online] available at www.nestle.com.my) Nestlà © specialized in foods and beverages industry, a few of the many well known brands Nestlà © has in Malaysia includes Maggi, Nescafà ©, Milo, Kit Kat, Nesvita (formerly known as Ne stum), as well as pet care products such as Purina and Friskies. Nestlà ©s vision (Nestlà ©. 2010, Corporate Philosophy, Nestlà © [Online] available at www.nestle.com.my) is to be the leader in Nutrition, Health, and Wellness Company by delivering world-class products of the highest consistent quality, reliability, and convenience based on business excellence principles throughout the operation. Nestlà ©s mission (The Nestlà © Corporate Essence Our roots and wings 2007, p.4) is to enhance the quality of life with good food and beverages, everywhere, so people could live a healthier life. In order to achieve their vision and mission, Nestlà © Nutrition Research Centre (Nestlà ©. 2010, Research Development, Nestlà © [Online] available at www.nestle.co.jp) pays great attention to understand the consumers nutritional and emotional needs and utilise todays world superior science and technology to produce high quality products to the world. MARKET SEGMENTATION Every consumer has different needs. Hence, it is not possible to satisfy every customer using a same marketing segmentation, which is also known as mass marketing by offering a single marketing mix to all consumers. Moreover, as a global market has become extremely competitive, and consumers are increasingly demanding which is very difficult to satisfy. Therefore, Nestlà © uses target marketing for every product to their customers. For example, in consumer product, Nestlà © baby milk product such as Nestlà © Neslac Excella Gold is segmented only to infants and toddlers. However, baby does not have the capacity or capability to buy the food they needed. Therefore, to market this baby milk product, Nestlà © does not fully focusing on babys basic need which is hunger, but also to the babys parents in terms of how the nutrition provided will give their children the best possible advantages in the childrens life and development. Another example is Nestlà © Milo, the milk beverage with chocolate and malt. Don Howart, the executive director of Nestlà © and Singapore Coffee and Beverages claimed that Milo remains popular among the young and has a 90% (The Sun. 2010, Milo with ProtoMalt to get through the day, Sun2Surf [Online] available at www.sun2surf.com) market share among chocolate malt drinks in Malaysia. Besides the youngsters, old people and active people are also part of the target markets of Nestlà © Milo drinks. However, at first, Nestlà ©s business was launched internationally and realised the fact that food products have to be taken into account to the local eating and social behaviour due to the particular countrys practices, cultures, and traditions. Therefore, (1) Nestlà © has always shown respect for diverse cultures and traditions and trying to integrate itself as much as possible into the cultures and traditions, adding also to the local environment its own set of values. Therefore, (2) Nestlà © embraces cultural and social diversity and does not discriminate on the basis of origin, nationality, religion, race, gender or age. (The Nestlà © Management and Leadership Principles 2006, p.9) STRENGTHS Nestlà © is a multinational company, not to mention Nestlà © is also the largest industry in foods and beverages, hence Nestlà © has every capability to attract more consumers compare to the local companies. On account of its high market share and high financial power, Nestlà © also has greater financial capability in altering existing products in terms of packaging, the formula of the particular product and others or creating new products, as well as to adapt or upgrade latest information system technology in manufacturing, order processing and other related fields in order to sustain their competitive advantage by delivering lower cost of goods and services than their competitors in this dynamic environment. Secondly, Nestlà © has quite an effective strategic marketing capability. For example, Nestlà © Maggi instant noodles has built a stable patent and is very well known in many countries especially in Australia and Malaysia. This is because Maggi instant noodles is easy to be differentiated from its competitors such as Cintan Instant Noodles. Moreover, Nestlà © has also developed a very strong brand name for Maggi instant noodles because of strong advertising, which has indoctrinated most of the people to name the other brands of instant noodles as Maggi instant noodle instead of the brands original name. Furthermore, Nestlà © also has a strong Research and Development operations that helps the company to achieve cross-border synergy such as packaging its global products to local preferences. Nestlà © also emphasises on using todays information technology, which Nestlà © believe it will present a long-term opportunity for them to smoothen the companys operation or to increase efficiency in packaging, among any other companys operations. Besides, Nestlà © also has better technological capability, for instance, to renovate the existing products to be more innovative, higher quality, and much healthier product as Nestlà © realised that consumer-centred innovation and renovation is the most important pillar of Nestlà ©s worldwide strategy, which would accelerate Nestlà © to advance from good to better. (The Nestlà © Corporate Essence Our roots and wings 2007, p.34) And because of Nestlà ©s commitments, more people trust on the products delivered by Nestlà © because of its prope r health and safety measures. Besides, Nestlà © also has great leadership attributes. The leaders such as the top executives, branch managers, and others are responsible in building organisation capability. For example, the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Nestlà © S.A., Peter Brabeck, (Castelarhost. 2005, Nestlà © LC1 S.W.O.T Analysis, Castelar Articles [Online] available at www.articles.castelarhost.com) emphasises internal growth worldwide, which means to achieve higher volumes of sales by adding value to the products, renovate existing products, and innovate new products, to keep pace in the industry because of rapidly changing of consumer expectations. PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS Nestlà © produces hundreds of products, has a global network of suppliers, and multiple distributions and selling channels. Hence, to anticipate and respond in this rapidly changing in market demand condition is very difficult. When forecasting a market demand, Nestlà © will need information to detect shifts in demand early so they could adjust for trends and send the right messages to the suppliers, shippers, and distribution centres before they are flood with unwanted or defective goods or shortages. (Manhattan Associates. 2010, Planning and forecasting: Anticipate and Respond to Changes in Demand, Manhattan Associates [Online] at www.manh.com) However, every company has its weakest links, so is Nestlà ©. The weakest links are issues they are unable to control. (Labs. 2010, Supply Chain Efficiency Starts at the Top, Food Engineering [Online] available at www.foodengineeringmag.com) Firstly, the most common problem is the sources of supply of raw materials. This is due to a sudden and unexpected increased in demand, which will cause extreme supply shortages for commodities that will result in major price increases. For instance, bad weather and natural disasters have always been an issue affecting incoming raw materials. Secondly, the inaccuracy of orders received in inventory. No company can ever achieve the requirement of zero defects especially in foods and beverages industry. For example, when the purchasing department of Nestlà © ordered 10,000 of mixed berries yoghurt from its dealer, but what the retailer received was only 8,000 of mixed berries yoghurt, or on another occasion they might received defective inventori es. Another example is, when Nestlà © tells its dealer that they needed extra orders of a particular product to be shipped right away because of unexpected increased in demand, but in fact, the supplier may already has orders from other customers. This usually happen during special occasion such as Chinese New Year, the demand of Nestlà © Cornflakes cereal will increase because many people will buy this product to make cookies. This will causes Nestlà © to encounter a great loss because of inaccurate order of magnitude because they could not produce the actual output needed. Therefore, in order to solve these problems, it is crucial for Nestlà © to engage with multiple suppliers or dealers in that particular region, so they could acquire inventories from multiple dealers, which will definitely decrease the risk of shortage due to incontrollable situation. Besides, Nestlà © should also base on their demand and purchase planning on last couple of years of sales to forecast current year of demand and supply. Other than that, mutual trust and strong relationship with all the dealers are needed in order to increase the flexibility of material supply management, as well as to enhance the bargaining power of Nestlà ©. However, if there is a surplus, Nestlà © may need to plan a promotion to clear their inventories, otherwise Nestlà © will encounter a great loss such as paying high material handling cost, waste of warehouses space, or inventories that are not sold became defective and may need to be disposed which no profit will earn. Therefore, when there i s a big event organized such as Jom Heboh Carnival. Nestlà © will set up a booth at the carnival to sell its products, which are close to the expiry date at lower price such as Maggi products, Nescafà ©, Milo, yoghurt drinks, Nestlà © ice creams and so on. People often buy the products in big quantity because of the lower price than the market price. As a result, Nestlà © could clear their inventories rather fast and save some space in the warehouses. which is a win-win situation. Thirdly, even though Nestlà © has a logistics department but it doesnt deal with transportation logistics. Nestlà © outsourced its supply chain transport to the third-party logistics (3PL) as Nestlà © tries to cut their supply chain costs and to concentrate more on their in-plant operations. Although Nestlà © doesnt have a transportation logistics department, but they do have a delivery team to cooperate with the third-party logistics in routing protocol. Nestlà © is using a Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), which is a simple and efficient routing protocol designed specifically for use in multi-hop wireless ad hoc networks of mobile nodes. The protocol is composed of the two main mechanisms of Route Discovery and Route Maintenance, which work together to allow nodes to discover and maintain routes on-demand to arbitrary destinations in the ad hoc network. (Maltz. 2003, The Dynamic Source Routing Protocol CMU [Online] available at www.cs.cmu.edu) Therefore, the delivery team is there to help Nestlà © and the 3PL that DSR is working as per company direction as well as DSR performance. Next, it is the poor partnership relationship between dealerships and consumers. Dealers need these capabilities because they, in close partnership with manufacturers Nestlà ©, are a connecting hub of services for the consumers, and other stakeholders. However, Nestlà © solved this problem by using the Dealer Management Systems (DMS) as well as their dealers. DMS is a software solutions that provide tools for managing sales, services, parts and inventory management, business management, integration, and core architecture. DMS help manufacturers and dealers create integrated marketing campaigns to offer inventory to target markets. This will integrate innovations into traditional in-store sales and service processes and offer technologies for non-traditional merchandising, sales, and service strategies through alternative channels for consumer engagement via Web, by phone, or in-vehicle. (Microsoft Corporation. 2008, Microsoft Offers the Dealer Management Solution Microsoft [Online ] available at www.microsoft.com/automotive) RECOMMENDATIONS After the reviews stated above, those were not the only solutions that are available. MDZ has come up with a few recommended suggestions that may work or solve the problems that were encountered by Nestlà ©. Instead of just finding or having multiple suppliers, Nestlà © could acquire the inventories from the other outlets from the other region. Because some regions have different demographics, for instance, race. Some areas have higher percentage of Malays such as Kuantan, Pahang, and some may have higher percentage of Chinese such as Ipoh, Perak. The Chinese New Year (CNY) example stated above, in Kuantan area, there might be less demand during CNY, so to prevent shortage, Nestlà © could just acquire the inventories from Kuantan. However, if there is a surplus, and unable to clear the inventories at a short time, Nestlà © could consider donation for short-run purpose, this could help to clear the old stocks, as well as to help the donation receivers and build better goodwill and name of Nestlà ©. Secondly, Nestlà © is a multinational company; it definitely has the capability in owning a transportation logistics department. Because of the hundreds variety of Nestlà ©s products, 7 manufacturers in Malaysia, as well as thousands of customers such as retailers, wholesalers, distributors and so on, Nestlà © could handle its own transportation service. Nestlà © could gain the whole power in such as mode selections, routing, and others. They could do almost anything such as consolidating different type of products but to the same outlet. Besides, they could save every penny they use in transportation cost compare to third-party logistics (3PL) because 3PL charges according to the quantity, inventory storage space, value added processes such as special handling, and more. It may benefit in the short run, but definitely not in the long run, as Nestlà © centred in the long-term business and strives to achieve effectiveness and efficiency. Lastly, Nestlà © could use both manual and automation system in managing sales, services, and others. This is because one cannot trust wholly to a machine, as it may not be documenting the steps in its own processor. Because some steps cant be automated and may required operator intervention to prevent the escapement processing steps, even though adapting advanced technologies could help saving cost as labour cost is reduced, but if there are still problems occur, it will affect the business such as loss of customers because of the mistake. Therefore, Nestlà © must update the system software regularly and full utilisation of available technology as well as the manual operators, which will effectively increase the efficiency and dependability of the supply chain systems. CONCLUSION Nestlà © exerts great efforts to achieve its visions to be the leader in Nutrition, Health, and Wellness Company by producing better quality of products to the consumers. Nestlà © also study about the consumers needs from time to time and satisfy the consumers as much as possible. Nestlà ©s strengths such as high financial capability, effective strategic marketing capability, strong research and development, as well as great leaderships have helped them through the obstacles. Above all, Nestlà © focuses on its missions and ensures consistency by making the right decisions to manage and build its business to deliver the promise of Good Food, Good Life all over the world.